Dai calcolatori meccanici ai modelli di macchine per il calcolo automatico: il passo tra i due approcci è stato obbligatorio, dal momento che si rendevano necessari degli strumenti che permettessero di valutare la complessità degli algoritmi e le risorse fisiche a disposizione per il loro calcolo.
Alan Mathison Turing, matematico, logico e crittografo britannico, è stato uno dei fondatori della teoria della calcolabilità degli algoritmi attraverso l’ideazione della macchina di Turing nel 1936 pubblicando un articolo intitolato: “On computable numbers, with an application to the Entscheidungs problem”. In maniera generalistica una macchina di Turing è un modello di macchina astratta, non fisica, dotata di una testina e un nastro, su cui è in grado di effettuare operazioni di lettura e scrittura . La testina della macchina evolve nel tempo, muovendosi sul nastro su cui è posta una stringa che rappresenta il dato di ingresso di un problema P. Un’ evoluzione della macchina consiste in una sequenza di sue possibili configurazioni di una stringa di lunghezza finita. Ma se si utilizza una macchina di Turing con evoluzione illimitata per il calcolo dei numeri primi, dei numeri di Mersenne (infatti si considerano infinite le risorse di spazio e tempo a disposizione della macchina), si vuole capire se la macchina si arresterà o meno in seguito alla computazione. Tale problema prende il nome di problema della fermata. Esiste un macchina di Turing universale che è in grado di simulare qualsiasi configurazione della macchina di Turing, ma non è in grado di decidere in ogni caso il problema dell’arresto. Quindi nessuna macchina di Turing può farlo. Questo risultato negativo, che prende il nome di congettura di Church-Turing, si esprime dicendo che il problema dell’arresto è Turing-indecidibile. Questo risultato negativo costituisce un limite per tutti i meccanismi computazionali; esso costituisce un risultato limitativo di grande importanza generale e per lo studio degli algoritmi.
Lingua:
GE RSS READER EN | IT
- Harward Business Review
- EE|Times
- All About Circuits
- CompTIA
- John Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (APL)
- USA FDA press realeases
- International Atomic Energy Agency
- International Renewable Energy Agency
- European Environment Agency
- ITER.ORG
- Taylor & Francis
- Forum PA
- Elettronica Open Source
- Corriere Comunicazioni
- La Repubblica | Tecnologia
- Zero Uno Web
- Pagamenti Digitali
- Agenda Digitale
- – Harvard Business Review
Sure, you could just argue with them. But if you have to work together, here are more productive ways for everyone to win.
- – Harvard Business Review
Of all the bad bosses out there, one of the most common–and most painful to work for–is the one who’s plagued by doubt. Here’s how to deal with them.
- – Harvard Business Review
They’re not being a jerk on purpose, and if you can understand what motivates them you’ll find a better way to co-exist, and maybe even thrive.
- – Harvard Business Review
Should you always be looking for another job, never make a lateral move, or be sure to stay at a job for two years? There's a lot of conflicting advice out there. HBR's Amy Gallo helps you sort the myths from the facts.
- – Harvard Business Review
Accenture CEO Julie Sweet on the Most Important Skill Job Seekers Need Today
- – Nitin Dahad
Recent collaborations signal rapidly growing semiconductor momentum in India.
The post India’s Semiconductor Stars Align to Build Out Ecosystem appeared first on EE Times.
- – Francis Sideco
The competition for ISV mindshare and commercial adoption has begun.
The post AI PC Success Rests on Software Developers appeared first on EE Times.
- – EETimes Staff
EE Times’ 2024 Mind of the Engineer Survey is here and is open for you to provide your inputs until the second week of September 2024.
The post The 2024 Mind of The Engineer Survey: Express Your Opinion appeared first on EE Times.
- – MRPeasy
Canadian contract manufacturer of RV and EV solutions KS2 found a way to tame their unwieldy inventory management and bills of materials, switching gears in their business as a result. Rapid growth made spreadsheets buckle under pressure KS2 is a Montreal-based contract manufacturer of assemblies and subassemblies for the automotive industry. In addition, KS2 provides […]
The post MRP Software Propels Growth for Automotive Assembly Manufacturer appeared first on EE Times.
- – EETimes Staff
As expected, the spotlight was on AI at Hot Chips 2024.
The post Hot Chips 2024 Takeaways appeared first on EE Times.
- – webmaster@allaboutcircuits.com
InnoPhase IoT, U-blox, and MachineQ have each recently announced new IoT solutions to streamline home connectivity, asset tracking, and energy management.
- – webmaster@allaboutcircuits.com
Omron’s 4-pole relay fits on a PCB to reduce the heat generated in three-phase power electric vehicle wallboxes during high-power charging.
- – webmaster@allaboutcircuits.com
Intel has revealed the details of the long-awaited Lunar Lake architecture, bringing advanced AI compute to personal computing.
- – webmaster@allaboutcircuits.com
The new chip enables low data-rate communication between ECUs within the automotive network.
- – webmaster@allaboutcircuits.com
In this article, we'll learn about two important non-idealities of Class D power amplifiers and how they affect performance.
Explore how artificial intelligence can be used as a tool to help drive student success and create efficiencies for educators at the CompTIA EMEA Member and Partner Conference 2024.
Sometimes you feel knocked down. But turning to your community can help you get back up.
Discover the power of customer personas, unlock industry insights and build a stronger strategy by visiting our Partner Spotlight Tables at CompTIA EMEA Member and Partner Conference 2024.
Is it better for MSPs to build in-house marketing or use external resources? Both sides have benefits and challenges, say IT channel leaders.
Get up to speed on the latest tech job and career trends with these top takeaways from our August 2024 Tech Jobs report.
- – Johns Hopkins APL
The BOLT-1B experiment collected data about boundary layer transition (the flow of air around the skin of a hypersonic vehicle), which increases hypersonic vehicle drag and aerodynamic heating. That data will be used by researchers to validate new and more accurate modeling and prediction methods during the design of hypersonic vehicles.
- – Katie Kerrigan
Using aerosol jet printing, Johns Hopkins APL researchers printed optical waveguides that successfully used light to detect physical phenomena. This successful demonstration marks a significant step toward the next generation of electronic and optical integrated microsystems for a variety of applications.
- – Jeremy Rehm
Gearing up for its scheduled launch this October, NASA’s Europa Clipper spacecraft has now been fitted with its solar array wings. Managed by Johns Hopkins APL and designed by Airbus Netherlands B.V., these colossal parts will have an equally giant role in harvesting vital light to power the spacecraft and its nine science instruments while in Jupiter’s dim environment.
- – Johns Hopkins APL
NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) continues to yield scientific discoveries and garner accolades for its groundbreaking achievements. The mission was recently recognized by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, which honored DART team members with the 2024 Space Systems Award during this year’s AIAA ASCEND event in Las Vegas, Nevada, held July 29 to Aug. 2.
- – Ashley Hume
Researchers are using generative artificial intelligence and cutting-edge scene-mapping technology to elevate robots from simple tools to full teammates capable of providing aid in disaster and battlefield scenarios.
- – FDA
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration is providing an at-a-glance summary of news from around the agency.
- – FDA
Today, the FDA and CDC released new data from the National Youth Tobacco Survey, including findings on e-cigarette and nicotine pouch use among U.S. youth
- – FDA
La FDA autorizó para uso de emergencia la vacuna contra el COVID-19 de Novavax actualizada (fórmula 2024-2025) con el fin de atacar más de cerca las variantes que circulan actualmente y brindar una mejor protección contra las consecuencias graves del COVID-19.
- – FDA
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration is providing an at-a-glance summary of news from around the agency.
- – FDA
FDA authorized for emergency use Novavax COVID-19 Vaccine (2024-2025 Formula) to more closely target currently circulating variants to provide better protection against serious consequences of COVID-19.
An International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) team of experts today completed a review of long term operational safety of the Koeberg Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) in South Africa.
IAEA Director General Rafael Mariano Grossi examined a cooling tower at Ukraine’s Zaporizhzhya Nuclear Power Plant (ZNPP) this week to assess the damage it suffered in a major fire last month, the latest incident underlining persistent nuclear safety and security dangers at the site during the military conflict.
IAEA Director General Rafael Mariano Grossi has visited Ukraine’s Zaporizhzhya Nuclear Power Plant for the fifth time. His focus was on the significant damage caused by a fire at one of its cooling towers in early August, he also visited a water pumping station and a storage facility for fresh fuel rods.
The International Atomic Energy Agency issued a new report today on its efforts to ensure nuclear safety and security during the conflict in Ukraine, two years after Dire
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) will further expand its assistance to Ukraine by taking a more proactive stance to protect the status of vital energy infrastructure to ensure it does not impact nuclear safety.
The scale-up of renewables requires strong international collaboration and co-ordinated actions across public and private sectors targeting sustainability governance, energy and climate finance, as well as technology and innovation barriers.
Infrastructure modernisation and expansion determine the success of global energy transitions as they will increase resilience and build flexibility for a diversified and interconnected energy system.
The evolving energy transitions needs that demand skilled workforce calls for the development of institutional and human capacities through concerted action in education and skills building.
The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) and the Global Climate Finance Centre (GCFC), an independent entity focused on catalysing climate investments and solutions globally, today announced a strategic partnership to scale-up climate finance and renewable energy initiatives globally.
Infrastructure modernisation and expansion determine the success of global energy transitions as they will increase resilience and build flexibility for a diversified and interconnected energy system.
- – Antti Pekka Kaartinen
Growing transport volumes have been driving Europe’s road transport emissions up in the past two decades. A European Environment Agency (EEA) analysis, published today, shows how total greenhouse gas emissions from both passenger cars and heavy goods vehicles have increased in Europe, despite better engine efficiency and use of biofuels.
- – Cornelis Brand
Breaches of EU air quality limits for nitrogen dioxide across Europe were predominantly due to road traffic, while domestic heating lay behind the majority of exceedances for particulate matter, according to a European Environment Agency (EEA) assessment on air quality plans published today.
- – Antti Pekka Kaartinen
Textile consumption in Europe has on average the fourth highest impacts on the environment and climate, following consumption of food, housing and mobility. Ahead of the expected European Union (EU) strategy for sustainable and circular textiles, the European Environment Agency (EEA) published today two briefings that look at measures to reduce those impacts, including on resource use, greenhouse gas emissions and microplastic pollution.
- – Antti Pekka Kaartinen
The European Green Deal acknowledges the crucial role of taxation in Europe’s sustainability transition. A new European Environment Agency (EEA) briefing, published today, shows that revenues from environmental taxes can support transition investments but future revenue streams from these taxes will erode as European Union (EU) environmental and climate policy objectives are achieved. The relative share of environmental taxes to total tax revenues has also declined in the past two decades.
- – Cornelis Brand
Extreme weather events like storms, heatwaves and flooding accounted for economic losses of around half a trillion euros over the past 40 years and led to between 85 000 and 145 000 human fatalities across Europe. Less than one-third of these losses were insured, according to a European Environment Agency (EEA) analysis of economic losses and fatalities from weather and climate-related events, published today.
Look east, look west ... tokamak projects are underway in different parts of the world. All of them are benefiting from and complementing the pioneering work already done—and ongoing—at ITER. The ITER Private Sector Fusion Workshop in May was the occasion to showcase some of the different approaches. First to take the floor during a panel on tokamaks was Alex Creely of Commonwealth Fusion Systems (CFS), a startup spun out of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. CFS is currently building the SPARC tokamak, which is based on the same tokamak physics as ITER, but which utilizes new, high-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnets that enable much higher magnetic fields and therefore smaller tokamaks. 'In the early days of ITER, it was seen as the only viable path to a power plant,' said Creely. 'There are now other viable paths, however, and fusion has become a multi-polar endeavor.' CFS has already built a demonstration non-insulated toroidal field coil and tested a 20.8 Tesla HTS magnet at 20K operating temperature, storing 110 MJ of energy in 270 km of HTS tape. CFS intentionally operated this to the point of failure in order to validate its models. Creely underscored some of the challenges ahead that the global fusion community needs to solve such as blanket and heat extraction, as well as the need for durability and reliability for commercial power plants. 'ITER has the opportunity to become part of a vibrant multi-polar fusion research community, adapting to the emergence of the new private fusion industry.' He went on to stress CFS's strong support of open scientific discourse around plasma physics, and its interest in sharing physics knowledge with ITER and other fusion endeavors—both through publication and through meetings of peers. 'CFS would like to see wider distribution of the documents and tools that ITER has developed. We would be very interested in gaining access to existing ITER documents and not just the planned ITER Design Handbook, which won't be published for some time. There is a lot of existing knowledge that we would be happy to benefit from right now.' The second panel participant was David Kingham from Tokamak Energy, a company founded in 2009 as a spin-off from the UK Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA). A US subsidiary, Tokamak Energy Inc, was established in 2019, and is one of the companies selected for the US Department of Energy's bold decadal vision for fusion energy. 'Tokamak Energy is the only private fusion company with over a decade's experience developing the two technologies that offer the most efficient and commercially attractive route to fusion energy—the compact spherical tokamak and HTS magnets,' said Kingham. He emphasized how HTS is a real game changer for fusion, noting that Tokamak Energy had achieved a record 24 Tesla at 20K. He also pointed out how important the company's work on HTS magnets has been in developing technology for applications well beyond fusion. 'The ability to generate intense magnetic fields in a relatively compact size makes HTS magnets attractive for applications including magnetic levitation, energy storage and lightweight, powerful electric motors and generators. Future applications could include magneto-hydrodynamic propulsion; mineral separation; proton/hadron beam therapy; particle accelerators; and space propulsion. These applications, and more, can be addressed because our magnet engineering and construction, developed for the hugely demanding requirements of fusion energy, produces magnets that are robust, compact, exceptionally powerful and easy to cool—to a typical operating temperature of 20K.' Kingham stressed the importance of ITER's body of work, citing publicly available information on the design of ITER including a grand database of tokamak experimental data, which was useful to conceptual design studies for spherical tokamaks, and advancements in tritium handling and fuel breeding systems. 'ITER has also validated the performance of many important materials and stimulated the development of supply chains for materials and other enabling technologies.' Kingham hopes to continue to benefit from ITER knowledge—including (good and bad) lessons learned and more detail about materials selection, and through the support of bi-directional staff secondments. Panelist David Weisberg described research at General Atomics, which operates the DIII-D tokamak for the US Department of Energy. Whereas early tokamak designs, starting in the 1960s, were circular in cross-section, scientists at General Atomics developed the 'doublet,' a configuration with an elongated hourglass-shaped plasma cross-section. The Doublet I, II, and III tokamaks in the 1970s and 1980s showed that this approach allowed for a hotter and denser stable plasma. The doublet concepts evolved into the D-shaped plasmas universally seen in tokamaks today—including ITER—making General Atomics instrumental in leading this fusion research innovation. Today, General Atomics is a major player in ITER manufacturing (central solenoid, diagnostics) but also an important player in the private-sector push forward for fusion, with specific expertise in developing and fabricating large-scale superconducting magnets for fusion applications. 'Private fusion companies are more nimble and can move more quickly than large public programs,' said Weisberg, 'but we do so at increased programmatic risk. We believe that ITER can play an important role in reducing risk for the private sector by becoming the knowledge base for tomorrow's fusion industry. For example, General Atomics is focusing on reducing risk through technology development that is informed by integrated facility design studies. ITER is already a world leader in this approach, and so we believe there is an important opportunity for ITER to disseminate this knowledge, both through the ITER Design Handbook as well as through person-to-person education.' Calling the design and construction of ITER 'singular accomplishments that have generated a wealth of knowledge,' he said that ITER is closing fusion technology gaps and raising technology readiness levels. ITER 'has already solved many of the integration challenges that a fusion pilot plant will face' but he believes ITER can do more. 'The people behind the ITER design decisions are the most valuable resource for the private sector. The ITER Organization could expand its education efforts to include seminars, workshops, and summer schools for future fusion developers. And it could host industry partners on site to facilitate knowledge transfer, because in-person collaboration is the best way to pass on programmatic and development skills.' Minsheng Liu from China's ENN Energy Research Institute agrees. 'Good examples of how ITER can help include knowledge-sharing, such as the theory and modelling resources delivered by the ITER integrated modelling and analysis suite (IMAS), and the co-development of key technologies, such as negative-ion based neutral beam injector (N-NBI) technology.' Between 2018 and 2022, Liu's group designed and built EXL-50, China's first medium-sized spherical torus experimental device, which established the basis of spherical tokamak proton-boron fusion. In 2022, ENN began to upgrade to EXL-50U and design a new device, EHL-2—a spherical torus R&D platform to tackle key proton-boron fusion challenges including the much higher temperatures needed. The next step—Phase II—will be EHL-3A & 3B, which aim to improve parameters and overcome the engineering constraints for scaling up to a fusion reactor. Phase III will be the engineering and commercial demo, which will also focus on reducing costs. Liu joined the other speakers in emphasizing the importance of cooperation and collaboration in the fusion community and the value of learning by doing, drawing from expertise in fusion, high-energy particles, laser and materials. He said that ENN prioritized engaging experts from universities, laboratories, industries, power companies and private enterprises. Liu also highlighted the importance of digital intelligence in fusion research. 'Through intelligent simulation design, operation control, and experimental analysis of the spherical torus device—integrating physics, diagnosis, and control—we can help to expedite device design, enhance device design reliability, accelerate analysis and the comprehension of experimental results, and accomplish intelligent device control. We can digitize actual experiments and perform them on the computer. Our virtual, intelligent spherical torus experimental platform is flexible, capable of intelligent evolution, and able to extrapolate and predict without being constrained by current engineering technologies.' During the Q&A session following the presentations, all four speakers agreed that one of the key problems facing the industry is the shortage of engineers, suggesting that more funding for training was needed both in universities and public companies. 'But students won't get involved if the industry doesn't exist, if the finish line isn't in sight,' said Weisberg. 'So we really need to bootstrap and to make this happen.' And that, surely, is another way ITER can help.
Just like the ITER worksite, drone photography is also making progress. This view of the ITER platform is the sharpest and most detailed of all those we have published over the past decade. We have added labels and captions to showcase the ongoing work, some of it spectacular and visible, some performed in the depths of the buildings. 1 — Tokamak Building and Assembly Hall: As repair operations on vacuum vessel #7 and #6 are nearing completion in the Assembly Hall, the installation of heavy electro-mechanical equipment in the adjacent Tokamak Building and Tokamak assembly pit is mobilizing approximately 300 workers. Among the systems and structures being installed: piping for the cooling water system, platform construction in the drain tank room and in the L4 'vault', fuelling equipment, etc. 2 — Former Cryostat Workshop: The 5,000-square-metre workshop where the four sections of the ITER cryostat were assembled and welded now hosts the repair activities on vacuum vessel sector #8 and some thermal shield panels. 3 — Poloidal field coil winding facility: In this mighty European factory, four of the largest ITER poloidal field coils, ranging in diameter from 17 to 24 metres and weighing 200 to 400 tonnes, were manufactured and cold tested over a period of approximately ten years. The 49-metre-wide, 257-metre-long facility is now partially devoted to thermal shield panel repair and will host the toroidal field coil cold test facility. 4 — Coil storage: Whether D-shaped or ring-shaped, the ITER superconducting coils are massive components that, ahead of their installation in the Tokamak assembly pit, require a large amount of storage space. 5 — Cryobridge: In order to reach clients inside the Tokamak Building, cooling fluids produced by the ITER cryoplant flow through many kilometres of highly sophisticated piping called cryolines. Departing from and returning to the cryoplant, the cryolines must pass over an industrial bridge more than 10 metres above the ground—the cryobridge. The installation of cryoline spools is approximately 50% complete. 6 — Fast discharge units: In the case of a sudden loss of superconductivity, an event called a quench, a massive quantity of energy (~ 41 GJ), and hence of heat, will need to be extracted from the magnets. This is the role of the fast discharge unit resistors located in these two buildings. The exhaust ducts, connected to a central chimney, are being installed. 7a & 7b — Cocooned cryostat sections: Pending their installation in the Tokamak pit, the ITER cryostat upper cylinder (7a) and top lid (7b) are safely stored outdoors in protective cocoons. 8 — Heat rejection system: The refreshing sound of water cascading down the cooling cells is the newest addition to the everyday noise of the construction site. The heat rejection system is being commissioned in parallel with the cryoplant, whose compressors already generate quite a generous amount of heat that needs to be evacuated. 9 — Control Building: The brain that commands the various facilities spread over the platform occupies a 3,500-square-metre, three-storey structure providing space for control and server rooms, offices, meeting rooms and support facilities. All cubicles (numbering close to 100) are now in place and approximately half of the required connections to the installation's systems have been installed. 10 — Neutral beam power supply installation: Hosted in two buildings, the neutral beam power supply is a unique electrical installation that will accommodate an array of transformers, generators, rectifiers, inverters and other exotic electrical devices designed to feed 1 MeV ultrahigh voltage to the neutral beam plasma heating system. The first 66kV transformers should arrive at the end of the year. 11 — Cryoplant: In order to deliver cooling fluids to the machine, ITER operates one the largest cryoplants in the world. The third and last 'train' of megawatt-class helium compressors has recently been turned on. Commissioning of the cryoplant is now 30% complete. 12 — Diagnostics Building: Intense work is underway in the five-storey Diagnostics Building to install the fibre optics needed for the flow of data between instruments near the plasma and the back-end diagnostic systems. 13 — Radiofrequency Building: This building will house the equipment needed by the radio-wave-generating electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) system. Seven and a half years after the start of building construction, control cubicles are being equipped, supports are being built and oil collectors installed to prepare for the installation of the first gyrotrons. See the gallery below for a few more details on work underway.
The Fusion Industry Association has released its 2024 Global Fusion Industry Report. The report, which surveyed 45 companies, found that the fusion industry has attracted over USD 7.1 billion in investment, with USD 900 million in new funds since last year. Total public funding increased by 57% in the last 12 months to USD 426 million, showing that governments increasingly see public-private partnerships as central to making commercial fusion a reality. It also showed the United States leading commercial fusion, with 25 companies, followed by the United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, and China. Additionally, employment in private fusion firms grew by 34% to over 4,000. More information is available here.
- – Cezary Orłowski Marcin Adrych WSB University, IBM Centre for Advanced Studies, Faculty of Computer Science and New Technologies, WSB University in Gdańsk, Gdansk, PolandCezary Orłowski is the director of the IBM Center for Advanced Studies on Campus at the WSB University in Gdańsk. He participated in many IT projects (including for banks, large IT companies and cities), managing digital transformation projects of organizations and being an advisor in the selection of technologies and Big Data processing processes. In IBM projects, he led the service integration processes for IBM Watson. Currently, together with his team, he is designing Internet of Things systems using artificial intelligence methods for Smart Cities.Marcin Adrych is an experienced IT specialist, specializing in computer networks and programming. He completed engineering studies in Programming and Master's studies in Computer Networks. His main area of interest is creating 'prototypes' in the Node-RED platform and preparing Docker and Docker Compose files. As an enthusiast of innovative solutions, Marcin focuses on rapid prototyping and testing of ideas, which enables effective implementation of applications in containers. Additionally, he likes to test his solutions in parallel using Raspberry Pi. In his free time, he attends IBM CAS laboratories, where he creates prototypes in Node-RED.
Volume 8, Issue 3, September 2024, Page 315-324<br/>. <br/>
- – Pham Thi Dan Ngoc Tran Trung Duy Nguyen Luong Nhat Tan Hanh Yeon Ho Chung Lam-Thanh Tu a Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Posts and Telecommunications Institute of Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnamb Department of Information and Communications Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Koreac Communication and Signal Processing Research Group, Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, VietnamPham Thi Dan Ngoc received the Ph.D degree in 2023 at Ho Chi Minh University of Technology, Vietnam. Currently, she is a lecturer at the Department of Electronics Engineering 2, Posts and Telecommunications Institute of Technology, Ho Chi Minh City campus. Her major research interests are cooperative communications, cooperative multi-hop, cognitive radio, hardware impairments and Fountain codes (Email: ngocptd@ptit.edu.vn).Tran Trung Duy received the Ph.D degree in electrical engineering from University of Ulsan, South Korea in 2013. In 2013, he joined Posts and Telecommunications Institute of Technology, Ho Chi Minh city campus (PTIT-HCM), as a lecturer. From 2022, he is an associate Professor of Wireless Communications at PTIT-HCM. His major research interests are cooperative communications, cooperative multi-hop, cognitive radio, physical-layer security, energy harvesting, hardware impairments and Fountain codes (Email: duytt@ptit.edu.vn).Nguyen Luong Nhat received Ph.D degree in 1997 in Moscow, Russia. Currently, he is serving as Head of the Department of Electronics Engineering 2 at Posts and Telecommunications Institute of Technology, Ho Chi Minh City campus. His major research interests are image and signal processing, artificial intelligence and information security (Email: nhatnl@ptit.edu.vn).Tan Hanh received the PhD degree from Grenoble Institute of Technology, France. Currently, he is vice president of Posts and Telecommunications Institute of Technology (PTIT), in charge of Ho Chi Minh city campus. His research interests are machine learning, information retrieval, and data mining (Email: tanhanh@ptit.edu.vn).Yeon Ho Chung is a Professor in the Department of Information and Communications Engineering at Pukyong National University in Busan, Korea. He earned an MSc from Imperial College London, UK, in 1992 and a Ph.D. from the University of Liverpool, UK, in 1996. He served as a visiting professor at Pennsylvania State University in University Park, US, and Chiba University in Japan. In 2017, he was a foreign expert for the GIAN program of the Government of India. He delivered keynote speeches at IFIP WMNC 2018, CSNDSP 2020, ICCWC 2021, and WASOWC 2022. He is the Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal of Sensors, Wireless Communications, and Control, published by Bentham Science. He serves on the Editorial Board of Wireless Personal Communications, published by Springer, and is an associate editor of IEEE Access. Additionally, he is the Vice President of the Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences (KICS). He co-founded and served as the General Chair for ICMIC 2022 and ICMIC 2023 in Jeju, Korea. In 2014, he received the Top Paper Award from Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies (ETT), published by Wiley, and the Best Paper Awards from the ICGHIT and ICUFN in 2018 and 2019, respectively. He was awarded the Busan Science and Technology Award in 2020 for outstanding research achievements. His research interests include light-based wireless communications for 6G, short-range optical camera communications, outdoor/indoor optical scattering communications, and high-speed/ high-capacity orbital angular momentum wireless communications for 6G (Email: yhchung@pknu.ac.kr).Lam-Thanh Tu received the Ph.D. degree from the University of Paris Sud, Paris-Saclay University, France, in 2018. From 2022, he has been with the Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, at Ton Duc Thang University, Vietnam. His research interests include stochastic geometry, LoRa networks, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces, covert communications, and artificial intelligence applications for wireless communications (Corresponding author; email: tulamthanh@tdtu.edu.vn).
Volume 8, Issue 3, September 2024, Page 325-348<br/>. <br/>
- – Haider Mehdi Zakir Hussain Syed Muhammad Atif Saleem Syed Areeb Ahmed Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences (NUCES), Karachi, Pakistan
Volume 8, Issue 3, September 2024, Page 349-360<br/>. <br/>
- – Tahmid Hasan Pranto Mohammad Nabiluzzaman Neloy Abdulla All Noman Sheikh Wasif Md. Abdul Wahab Rashedur M. Rahman a Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladeshb Department of Computer Science, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USATahmid Hasan Pranto completed is B.Sc. in Computer Science and Engineering from North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Currently, he is pursuing his doctoral degree in Computer Science at Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA. His major research interest lies in deep learning, distributed Machine Learning, and federated learning techniques. His research works have been published in prestigious journals such as IEEE Access, PeerJ Computer Science, Healthcare Analytics, Applied Artificial Intelligence and Cybernautics and Systems. He has also presented his research in conference proceedings like IWANN, 2021.Mohammad Nabiluzzaman Neloy is a Computer Science and Engineering graduate from North South University, Bangladesh (2023), currently excels as a Software Engineer at W3 Engineers LTD. His journey is marked by notable achievements, including securing the 1st position in the NASA SpaceApps Challenge 2017, New Delhi, and ranking among the top five participants in the Incubate IND Hackathon 2016. During his studies, he contributed to research with a focus on “A remote and cost-optimized voting system using blockchain and smart contracts”, showcasing his dedication to innovative solutions. Beyond his academic achievements, Neloy is driven by a profound passion for technology, particularly in Blockchain, Artificial Intelligence, Application Development, and Game Development.Abdulla All Noman earned his Bachelor's degree in Computer Science and Engineering from North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Currently, he is pursuing a Master's degree in Data Science at Montclair State University in New Jersey. He has published several research works in peer-reviewed journals such as PeerJ Computer Science, Healthcare Analytics, Applied Artificial Intelligence, and Cybernetics and Systems. He has also published in conference proceedings like IWANN, 2021. Abdulla All Noman's academic pursuits and research interests cover a broad range of topics, including machine learning, federated learning, text mining & text analysis, and blockchain.Sheikh Wasif a distinguished graduate in Computer Science and Engineering from North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, has advanced his career as a senior member at the prestigious Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). In addition to his studies, he actively contributed to a research paper titled “A remote and cost-optimized voting system using blockchain and smart contracts.” Demonstrating his commitment to innovation, Wasif actively participated in Technovation 2.0 2019, Dhaka, and ESONANCE 2014, Dhaka, showcasing his dedication to staying at the forefront of technological advancements. Wasif's expertise extends across diverse fields, with a particular focus on blockchain, machine learning, and web development.Md. Abdul Wahab is a Computer Science and Engineering graduate from North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, with a keen interest in innovative solutions. During his studies, he conducted research on “A remote and cost-optimized voting system using blockchain and smart contracts”. Alongside his academic achievements, he worked as a freelance software engineer at BINSORT INC for four months and holds a certification in Cloud Infrastructure from Oracle. Wahab's expertise spans technologies such as cloud computing, speech processing, and blockchain, showcasing his commitment to staying at the forefront of industry advancements.Dr. Rashedur M. Rahman (Senior Member, IEEE) received the M.S. degree from the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada, in 2003, and the Ph.D. degree from the University of Calgary, Canada, in 2007. He is currently working as a Professor with the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. He has published more than 150 research papers in the areas of parallel and distributed computing, cloud and grid computing, and data and knowledge engineering. His current research interests include cloud load characterization, VM consolidation, and the application of data mining and fuzzy logic in different decision-making problems. He is also on the editorial committees of many international journals.
Volume 8, Issue 3, September 2024, Page 361-383<br/>. <br/>
- – Tian-Bo Deng Department of Information Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan
Volume 8, Issue 3, September 2024, Page 384-398<br/>. <br/>
- – di Michela Stentella
Eccoci a settembre, il mese dei “nuovi inizi”. Se gennaio segna da calendario l’avvio del nuovo anno, queste giornate in cui tutte le attività riprendono dopo il periodo estivo rappresentano per la maggior parte di noi il momento per dare il via a nuovi progetti e rilanciare con maggiore energia quelli che avevamo messo in pausa per un po’. Vogliamo quindi riprendere con voi le fila non solo dei prossimi appuntamenti, ma anche dei temi e delle riflessioni che ci guideranno verso il prossimo FORUM PA, che potete già mettere in agenda dal 19 al 21 maggio 2025
L'articolo Un autunno di innovazione: nuovi inizi e progetti in vista del FORUM PA 2025 proviene da FPA.
- – di Redazione FPA
Fino al 10 settembre sono aperte le candidature al Premio FORUM Sanità, promosso e organizzato dal Gruppo DIGITAL360 all’interno della manifestazione FORUM Sanità 2024 (il 23 e 24 ottobre prossimi allo ZEST HUB presso Roma Termini). L'obiettivo del Premio è valorizzare i migliori progetti in ambito sanitario che si basano su tecnologie all’avanguardia o che sono capaci di mettere in atto modelli organizzativi e di servizio in discontinuità con gli approcci tradizionali di assistenza e cura. Gli ambiti di applicazione per cui è possibile candidarsi sono: Smart hospital, Data-driven health, Citizen Journey, Operations e Logistica sanitaria, Competenze digitali, Lifescience. Verranno premiati i progetti che, candidati nei diversi ambiti, utilizzano sistemi di Intelligenza Artificiale
L'articolo Premio FORUM Sanità 2024: ancora pochi giorni per partecipare! proviene da FPA.
- – di Redazione FPA
Finanziato con 22,4 milioni di euro dal Ministero dell’Università e Ricerca nell’ambito delle azioni del PNRR, il progetto EDUNEXT è promosso da una rete di 35 Università e 5 istituzioni di Alta Formazione Artistica, Musicale e Coreutica (AFAM), che vede UNIMORE come capofila nazionale. La rete EDUNEXT vuole innovare profondamente l’approccio alla formazione superiore nel nostro Paese, attraverso metodologie e tecnologie avanzate, per una formazione personalizzata rispetto ai bisogni degli studenti e adattabile alle esigenze del mercato del lavoro e della società
L'articolo Verso l’Università del futuro: il progetto EDUNEXT – Next Education Italia proviene da FPA.
- – di Andrea Tironi e William Zisa
La distinzione tra pubblica amministrazione e settore privato, un tempo netta, si sta riducendo a causa di una rivoluzione digitale veloce e inarrestabile. I cittadini ora si aspettano servizi pubblici rapidi ed efficienti, mentre i dipendenti pubblici desiderano obiettivi chiari e misurabili. La PA deve attrarre talenti e migliorare l'efficienza dei servizi per rispondere prontamente alle esigenze dei cittadini. L'adozione Objectives and Key Results (OKR), già utilizzati con successo in alcuni comuni europei, potrebbe essere la chiave per una riorganizzazione efficace e per mantenere un alto grado di entusiasmo tra i dipendenti nonostante le lentezze e gli ostacoli continui
L'articolo L’urgenza di un cambiamento radicale ovvero PA-mazon e OKR proviene da FPA.
- – di Manlio Serreti
Con i finanziamenti previsti dal PNRR in Italia si è aperta dal 2021 una stagione di grandi opportunità di spesa in progetti di sviluppo, in primis su digitale, green e inclusione sociale. Una sfida epocale per lo Stato, le pubbliche amministrazioni e tutto il tessuto imprenditoriale, chiamati a dare attuazione a una progettualità vasta e complessa. Per operare in uno scenario ricco di bandi, scadenze, capitolati, forniture e gestionali datati, è sempre più decisivo l’utilizzo di strumenti informatici integrati come i portali fornitori, software flessibili ed evoluti in grado dare ai vari livelli un valore aggiunto
L'articolo PNRR, come migliorare la gestione dei progetti con il portale fornitori proviene da FPA.
- – Giordana Francesca Brescia
Le schede elettroniche con Intelligenza Artificiale integrata stanno rivoluzionando il mondo dell'elettronica e della tecnologia, offrendo soluzioni avanzate per sviluppare progetti innovativi. Che si tratti di Machine Learning, riconoscimento vocale, visione artificiale o automazione industriale, queste schede rappresentano il cuore pulsante di molte applicazioni avanzate. Se stai cercando la migliore piattaforma per sviluppare progetti con l'AI, qui esploreremo le top 10 schede elettroniche AI più performanti. Tra le schede più note, troviamo sicuramente NVIDIA Jetson Nano, che offre capacità avanzate di Deep Learning per progetti basati su visione artificiale e robotica. Questa scheda è ideale per chi cerca una soluzione economica ma potente, adatta a sviluppatori e appassionati che vogliono esplorare l'IA con un budget contenuto. Grazie al supporto per […]
- – Daniele Valanzuolo
Nell'epoca contemporanea, il progresso tecnologico e lo sviluppo sostenibile si intrecciano in una sinergia fondamentale per il nostro pianeta. L'industria elettronica, essendo uno dei settori trainanti dell'innovazione, si trova ad affrontare una sfida cruciale: come sviluppare e produrre dispositivi elettronici in modo che siano ecologici e sostenibili senza compromettere le prestazioni e l'efficienza? Il trend della green technology, applicato allo sviluppo e alla produzione di schede elettroniche e circuiti stampati, rappresenta una risposta significativa a questa domanda. Contesti normativi sempre più sensibili alla tematica, innovazione tecnologica nei materiali, ottimizzazione e miglioramento dei processi e un approccio ecosostenibili a partire dalle attività di progettazione, il cosiddetto eco-design, sono i diversi aspetti e le fasi che scandiscono questo trend per un mondo sempre più sostenibile.
- – Maila Agostini
Negli ultimi anni, la ricerca sulla produzione di energia da fonti rinnovabili ha portato a numerosi sviluppi tecnologici e scientifici, tra cui la produzione di inchiostri termoelettrici. Questi inchiostri sono in grado di trasformare il calore in energia elettrica, aprendo la strada a una vasta gamma di applicazioni in diversi settori, dall'elettronica ai trasporti. La capacità degli inchiostri termoelettrici di raccogliere energia si basa sul principio del "differenziale di temperatura". Panoramica introduttiva Quando esposti a una fonte di calore, come il corpo umano o una sorgente di energia termica, gli inchiostri termoelettrici generano una differenza di potenziale elettrico, producendo energia. Questa energia può poi essere raccolta e utilizzata per alimentare dispositivi elettronici come sensori, display o persino dispositivi medici. L'interesse […]
- – Maila Agostini
Nel costante sforzo per sfruttare al massimo le risorse energetiche a nostra disposizione, un'innovazione che sta guadagnando terreno è un generatore di energia alimentato dallo Shadow Effect, o effetto ombra. Questa tecnologia promettente si basa sull'idea rivoluzionaria di catturare energia anche quando le ombre sembrano oscurare la fonte solare o ambientale. In questo articolo, esploriamo il mondo affascinante dei generatori di energia che trasformano le ombre in risorse, analizzando come questa tecnologia si sta affermando come una soluzione promettente per ottimizzare la produzione energetica in condizioni non ideali. Dalla progettazione intelligente di dispositivi di cattura all'impiego di materiali avanzati, scopriremo come gli ingegneri stanno sfidando le limitazioni tradizionali per generare energia anche quando il sole sembra nascondersi. Un'occhiata ravvicinata a […]
- – Andrea Garrapa
La potenza massima erogabile dai pannelli fotovoltaici non rimane fissa nel tempo, ma varia a seconda delle condizioni meteorologiche. Per estrarre la massima potenza è quindi necessario implementare un algoritmo per il tracciamento del punto di massima potenza. In letteratura sono state proposte diverse tecniche per il tracciamento del punto di massima potenza. Queste tecniche variano in complessità, costo, velocità di convergenza, sensori richiesti, implementazione hardware ed efficacia. Questo articolo presenta la teoria del tracciamento del punto di massima potenza e un confronto tra i metodi base che lo implementano. Introduzione L’energia fotovoltaica (PV) è una delle fonti energetiche più importanti poiché pulita e inesauribile. Tuttavia, i sistemi fotovoltaici presentano problemi, come la conversione con basso irraggiamento (in generale inferiore […]
- –
In occasione del Forum di Cernobbio il Presidente della Repubblica accende i riflettori sulla necessità di completare la doppia transizione digital & green ma anche sui rischi crescenti derivanti dall’innovazione tecnologica, in particolare dall’intelligenza artificiale
L'articolo Mattarella: “Regole per gli Ott, cittadini non possono essere oggetti nelle loro mani” proviene da CorCom.
- –
Pubblicato l’avviso Infratel. Riparte la mappatura per capire lo stato di avanzamento e i piani delle telco nelle aree oggetto del bando Italia a 1 Giga in capo a Open Fiber e Fibercop. Deadline: 7 ottobre. Via anche a un bando da 4,5 milioni per i servizi di manutenzione e gestione delle infrastrutture sottomarine
L'articolo Banda ultralarga, via alla consultazione sui civici di prossimità proviene da CorCom.
- –
Firmato l’accordo definitivo per acquisire la società specializzata in soluzioni per la protezione e la gestione dei dati. Il cda approva il dividendo trimestrale: 40 centesimi per azione, la cedola l’8 ottobre. Volano i conti grazie al cloud, verso le dimissioni il responsabile finanziario Amy Weaver
L'articolo Salesforce si prende Own per 1,9 miliardi: spinta alla data protection proviene da CorCom.
- –
Parla il fondatore, che si dice sorpreso della decisione della Francia ma ammette “disagi crescenti” nella gestione “che rendono più facile per i criminali abusare della nostra piattaforma”. Il New Mexico mette sotto accusa Snap per la diffusione di materiale pornografico che favorisce lo sfruttamento dei minori
L'articolo Telegram, Durov pronto a smontare le accuse. E intanto scoppia il caso Snap proviene da CorCom.
- –
Secondo indiscrezioni il dossier sarebbe da tempo sul tavolo. Intanto è attesa per la prossima settimana una riunione del board di Intel: il ceo Gelsinger dovrebbe presentare il piano di ristrutturazione per fare fronte alla crisi, nella strategia anche la vendita di asset
L'articolo Intel, Qualcomm valuta l’acquisizione della unit pc? proviene da CorCom.
- –
- –
Meta sta portando avanti le procedure per seguire le indicazioni dell’Unione europea sull’interoperabilità delle sue app di chat con quelle ritenute minori, come Telegram e iMessage di Apple
- –
- –
La piattaforma fotografica di Meta ha annunciato una serie di cambiamenti, anche significativi, per aumentare le possibilità di interazione fra le persone e fra i follower e i loro creator preferiti
- –
Un’intera intelligenza artificiale dentro a un forno, un enorme tablet con lo schermo che sembra di carta, powerbank che si alimentano con pannelli solari: 9 prodotti più o meno utili esposti in Germania
- – Redazione
Secondo dati raccolti da Proofpoint quasi il 90% dei siti di eCommerce non protegge adeguatamente il cliente dai rischi di frode online via posta elettronica
L'articolo Commercio elettronico, quanto è sicuro? Il rischio email e la soluzione protocollo DMARC che resta sconosciuta proviene da ZeroUno.
- – Redazione
Il 72% dei professionisti prevede un aumento della rilevanza dell’Information Management per il successo aziendale, ma le sfide di implementazione restano tante. Come uscirne? Secondo Canon, bisogna far leva su una combinazione di competenze, tecnologie e soluzioni per ottimizzare, in concreto, i processi informativi e documentali in azienda
L'articolo Come ottimizzare l’Information Management: skill e soluzioni chiave proviene da ZeroUno.
- – Redazione
Il passaggio al cloud è stato il primo passo di un percorso di ammodernamento profondo. SAP ha iniziato con la forza vendite di una grande azienda, riuscendone a cambiare processi e mindset, in vista di un futuro sicuro e sostenibile.
L'articolo Sostenibilità e sicurezza: SAP la offre a Ferrarelle in Cloud proviene da ZeroUno.
- – Roberta Fiorucci
Un team di ricerca ha individuato una nuova tipologia di attacco side-channel che sfrutta la misurazione della latenza di rete remota senza JavaScript per tracciare le attività online. Tutti i dettagli
L'articolo SnailLoad: l’attacco remoto che sfrutta la latenza di rete per compromettere la privacy proviene da ZeroUno.
- – Giorgio Fusari
A meno di due anni dall’introduzione sul mercato del chatbot ChatGPT, l’intelligenza artificiale sta rapidamente evolvendosi, e sviluppando capacità multisensoriali. La AI e la GenAI multimodali promettono di migliorare la versatilità di utilizzo di queste tecnologie in molti campi applicativi.
L'articolo AI generativa multimodale: l’evoluzione continua (e prepara la strada alla AGI) proviene da ZeroUno.
- – Redazione
Un prodotto che supporta l’integrazione con i principali software di contabilità come QuickBooks, Xero e FreeAgent e consente di pagare i fornitori con sedi in oltre 150 paesi in pochi passaggi
L'articolo Revolut lancia Revolut BillPay proviene da Pagamenti Digitali.
- – Redazione
L'accordo segna un'evoluzione significativa nel settore dei pagamenti digitali, promettendo vantaggi per commercianti e consumatori e stimolando l'innovazione nel mercato italiano
L'articolo Satispay e Stripe, insieme nei pagamenti digitali in Italia proviene da Pagamenti Digitali.
- – Pierluigi Sandonnini
I risultati del rapporto di Paysafe “Inside the Wallet: How consumers are spending and saving in 2024”. Quasi la metà dei consumatori italiani (45%) ha modificato le proprie abitudini di spesa rispetto a un anno fa: più attenzione ai prezzi ma anche più esigenza nella scelta del metodo di pagamento
L'articolo Il 43 percento dei consumatori abbandona il carrello se non trova il metodo di pagamento preferito proviene da Pagamenti Digitali.
- – Redazione
La collaborazione mira a integrare e ottimizzare i sistemi di pagamento multicanale, migliorando l'esperienza di acquisto e la gestione dei dati dei clienti
L'articolo Adyen e Ikea: accordo per i pagamenti nel retail proviene da Pagamenti Digitali.
- – Redazione
Luca Corti, nell'azienda dal 2008, guiderà il mercato italiano lavorando con i clienti per guidare l’evoluzione digitale e plasmare il futuro dei pagamenti
L'articolo Nuovo Country manager Italia di Mastercard proviene da Pagamenti Digitali.
- – Riccardo Petricca
La dipendenza dalle raccomandazioni algoritmiche rende più difficile trovare musica e artisti nuovi e diversi: ecco alcuni suggerimenti per uscire dalla comfort zone musicale
L'articolo Streaming musicale, libera nos ab algoritmo: come scoprire nuove sonorità proviene da Agenda Digitale.
- – Francesca Rizzuto
Le connessioni tra la logica del mondo digitale e le criticità dello sviluppo dell'IA rappresentano una rivoluzione epocale. Un'analisi delle implicazioni sociali e individuali, dei nodi teorici del dibattito contemporaneo e la necessità di una riflessione critica per massimizzare le potenzialità e gestire i rischi
L'articolo L’IA sta disintegrando i nostri equilibri? Ecco i rischi sociali e culturali proviene da Agenda Digitale.
- – Alessandro Bacchilega e Valerio Natale
Il decreto ministeriale del 7 settembre 2023 ha rivoluzionato il Fascicolo Sanitario Elettronico (FSE 2.0), stabilendo contenuti e norme per il trattamento dei dati personali. Questa riforma segna un importante passo verso la digitalizzazione del sistema sanitario italiano, migliorando l'accesso ai dati clinici e garantendo maggiore tutela della privacy
L'articolo Fascicolo Sanitario Elettronico: i passi avanti nella gestione digitale dei dati sanitari proviene da Agenda Digitale.
- – Alessio Pecoraro
La generazione dei boomer manifesta una crescente familiarità con i social network e le piattaforme digitali in generale, una situazione che rende questi utenti una risorsa importante per il marketing
L'articolo Boomer sempre più social, ecco come risponde il marketing proviene da Agenda Digitale.
- – Giovanni Fiorino
Le differenze inventariali nel retail e nella GDO ammontano a 4,6 miliardi di euro. Le soluzioni tradizionali di antitaccheggio mostrano limiti significativi. L'intelligenza artificiale offre un approccio innovativo, analizzando comportamenti sospetti in tempo reale e migliorando l’efficienza della sicurezza, riducendo falsi allarmi e ottimizzando le risorse
L'articolo IA e sicurezza nel retail: meno furti, migliore gestione delle risorse proviene da Agenda Digitale.
Titoli di borsa
- Loading stock data...
Currency Converter | Convertitore Valuta
-
Ultimi post dal Blog
- Se le previsioni del tempo sono sbagliate, scegli il giusto metereologo
- Se il tuo programma televisivo non può essere riavvolto, guardarlo su IP-TV.
- Se il dente è blu, cambia la connessione del dispositivo.
- Se gli spot pubblicitari sono troppo lunghi e ci si annoia ad ascoltarli, abbassa il volume del televisore e guarda solamente le immagini sullo schermo.
- Dal download di musica alle chiamate su Internet
Parole chiave
Ada Lovelace Alan Turing Andrew Stuart Tanenbaum Babbage Claude Elwood Shannon Dennis C. Hayes Douglas Engelbart Eugene Theodore Polley Guglielmo Marconi Jaap Haartsen James Jacob Ritty Janus Friis John Logie Baird Kenneth Lane Thompson Linus Benedict Torvalds Martin Cooper Nathaniel Baldwin Nathaniel Rochester Niklas Zennström Philo Farnsworth Russel A. Kirsch Samuel F.B Morse Vilho Väisälä Vladimir Kozma Zvorykin Von Neumann